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Other income

This text refers to the Steuererklärung 2023. You can find the version for the Steuererklärung 2024 at:
(2024): Other income



What if income from services is negative?

Negative income or losses from services can be offset against profits from similar income in the same year. At the same time, it must be clear that you could also achieve a surplus with the other services. Otherwise, the losses from the services will not be recognised, but you do not have to pay tax on the income either.

If the income from services is negative, it can be carried back to the previous year and offset against similar profits made there. You can also carry the losses forward to the following year and offset them against the surpluses then likely to be achieved. By carrying back or forward the losses, you reduce your taxable income in the relevant year.

Restrictions on public life led to losses for many self-employed and business owners in 2020 and 2021. Previously, losses could be carried back to the previous year in the tax assessment, but with limits of 1.000.000 Euro for single persons and 2.000.000 Euro for married couples (loss carryback according to § 10d para. 1 EStG).

For 2020 and 2021, the tax loss carryback was increased to up to 5.000.000 Euro for individuals and 10.000.000 Euro for joint assessment (§ 10d para. 1 sentence 1 EStG, amended by the "Second Corona Tax Assistance Act" of 29.6.2020).

With the "Third Corona Tax Assistance Act" of 17.3.2021, the tax loss carryback for 2020 and 2021 was further increased to 10.000.000 Euro for individuals and 20.000.000 Euro for joint assessment. These limits also apply to the provisional loss carryback for 2020.

From 1.1.2022, the loss carryback will be permanently extended to 2 years. The increased loss deductions of 10.000.000 Euro or 20.000.000 Euro for 2022 and 2023 will remain in place (§ 10d para. 1 EStG, amended by the "Fourth Corona Tax Assistance Act" of 19.6.2022).

This change means that the limits will not revert to the previous level of 1.000.000 Euro for individuals and 2.000.000 Euro for jointly assessed spouses until 2024.

Note: Previously, you could choose between two options for the loss carryback: you could completely avoid the loss carryback and save the loss for the following year or carry back a specific amount. "At the taxpayer's request, the loss carryback is to be waived in whole or in part. The amount of the loss carryback must be specified in the application" (§ 10d para. 1 sentences 5 and 6 EStG).

Since 2022, this option has been restricted: you can now completely avoid the loss carryback in favour of the loss carryforward, but you can no longer carry back a partial amount. "At the taxpayer's request, the loss carryback is to be waived in full" (§ 10d para. 1 sentence 6 EStG-new). This means that the option to limit the amount of the loss carryback on request is no longer available, so that losses no longer deplete the basic allowance.

(2023): What if income from services is negative?


Field help

Income from other earnings
Type of earnings
Income
Income-related expenses
Income
Income from other earnings
Income-related expenses
Have you received any other payments (e.g. commissions, one-off payments)?

If income is not attributable to any other type of income, it may be classified as "income from other earnings".

Other earnings include, for example, brokerage commissions, income from the occasional rental of movable assets and for one-off or occasional jobs.

Examples:

  • Commissions for the placement of course participants.
  • Commission for concluding insurance for oneself or for relatives.
  • Charge for chartering your own motorboat.
  • Fee for renting a motorhome to changing tenants.
  • Fees for occasional performance as an amateur musician.
  • Fees for lending private objects, for example, concrete mixer, other handicraft equipment.
  • Fee for the care of an unrelated person.
  • Remuneration for a service rendered as a courtesy, for example, assistance with relocation.

Important: If the income from other earnings, excluding income-related expenses, is less than 256 Euro, this income even remains completely tax-free. If, on the other hand, the income from other earnings amounts to 256 Euro or more, it is fully taxable.

Have you received parliamentary remunerations (as a member of parliament)?

If you have received remunerations as a deputy, select Yes here. These include among others

  • Indemnities
  • Official allowances
  • Supplementary payments for health insurance contributions
  • Transition benefit
  • Interim benefit and
  • Death benefit,

which were paid to you as a member of the Landtag pursuant to the relevant laws of the federal states, as a member of the Bundestag pursuant to the German Parliamentary Act (Abgeordnetengesetz) or as a member of the European Parliament pursuant to the European Parliamentary Act (Europaabgeordnetengesetz).

Income
Income - Recurring payments
Designation
Income
Income-related expenses
Income from recurring payments
Did you regularly receive recurring payments in 2023?

Here you can enter recurring payments or maintenance payments.

Enter here only recurring payments that are fully taxable.

  • Life annuities should be entered in the section "Pension income".
  • Maintenance payments are generally tax-free unless they are subject to the so-called "Real splitting".

If the income is subject to the so-called partial income procedure, you can indicate this by ticking the box in the last column (TEV = partial income procedure). In the partial income procedure, the income is divided into a tax-free (40%) and a taxable (60%) portion. The same applies to income-related expenses.

Total income
Company name and explanatory note
Have you had losses from tax deferral models or loss allocation companies?

If you have incurred losses from tax deferral models, you can enter them here.

Note: The entered values are not included in the calculation of the expected tax refund!

Have you received regular maintenance payments?
Designation
Income
Income-related expenses

Here you can enter maintenance payments.

Income from maintenance payments is only taxable if the divorced spouse or a separated spouse and you have agreed to the so-called "real splitting" (consent in Form U).

Maintenance payments received are taxable up to a maximum amount of 13.805 Euro plus paid contributions to basic health and nursing care insurance. The divorced or separated spouse / partner can then deduct the payments as special expenses.

If the maintenance payments are subject to the so-called partial income procedure, you can indicate this by ticking the box in the last column (TEV = partial income procedure). In the partial income procedure, the maintenance payments are divided into a tax-free (40%) and a taxable (60%) portion. The same applies to income-related expenses.

Is the remuneration subject to
the partial income procedure?

If the maintenance payments are subject to the partial income procedure (TEV), please select Yes here.

Amount of the gross relief amount (immediate assistance December 2022)
Would you like to provide information about the gas/heat price brake?

The taxation of the gross relief amount of the gas/heat price brake as part of the immediate assistance of December 2022 was cancelled without replacement with the Secondary Credit Market Promotion Act of 22 December 2023.

Information is therefore no longer required in the tax return 2023.

Have you received compensation payments to avoid pension rights adjustments?

The financial settlements to avoid pension rights adjustment are to be entered here.

You receive financial settlements from your divorced spouse, provided that the latter can, with your consent, deduct the financial settlement as special expenses (consent on Form U) in order to avoid the pension rights adjustment.

Financial settlements paid on the basis of a contract or a court settlement in order to avoid pension rights adjustment are also be entered here. The contract must be notarised.

Have you earned income from mining, forging, staking, lending and/or participating in airdrops or similar transactions?

Select "yes" if you have generated income from mining, forging, staking, lending and/or participation in airdrops or similar transactions.

Mining: A process in which computers solve complex problems to generate cryptocurrencies and verify transactions.

Forging: Similar to mining, but often used in conjunction with certain cryptocurrencies to verify transactions and receive rewards.

Staking: The locking of cryptocurrency in a wallet to secure the blockchain and receive rewards for doing so.

Lending: Lending your cryptocurrency to other users in exchange for interest.

Airdrops: Free distribution of cryptocurrency tokens to holders, often as a reward or to promote a project.


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