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The entire world of tax knowledge

Lohnsteuer kompakt FAQs

 


First name

This text refers to the Steuererklärung 2021 online. You can find the version for the Steuererklärung 2025 at:
(2025): First name



What tax allowances or considerations apply for children with disabilities?

Child benefit, child allowance and BEA allowance

You can receive child benefit indefinitely for your disabled child beyond the age of 18 or 25, and use the child allowance and the allowance for childcare, education or training needs (BEA allowance) if your child's disability occurred before the age of 25. At the same time, you are also entitled to further tax benefits linked to child benefit for disabled children, e.g. child allowance for pension allowance.

Disability allowance

Depending on the degree of disability, each disabled person is entitled to a disability allowance, which covers all ongoing, typical additional expenses directly related to the disability. This amount ranges from 384 to 7,400 Euro.

Tip: Parents can have the child's allowance transferred to them if their child has no taxable income.

Care allowance

In addition to the disability allowance, you can claim the care allowance. The allowance is granted directly to the caring parents. From 2021, the care allowance for home care will be doubled for care level 4 or 5, and a new allowance will be introduced for care levels 2 and 3. The allowance amounts to

  • for care level 2: 600 Euro
  • for care level 3: 1.100 Euro
  • for care level 4 or 5 or helplessness: 1.800 Euro

Tip: The care allowance is an annual allowance. You will receive it in full even if you have not cared for your disabled child for the entire year. This may be the case, for example, if your child is accommodated in a home during the week.

Extraordinary expenses

Costs arising from your child's disability, e.g. accommodation in a home or costs for an outpatient care service, can be deducted as extraordinary expenses in the tax return.

Tip: This is worthwhile if the costs are much higher than the disability and care allowance, as you must forgo the allowance when deducting the costs as extraordinary expenses.

Childcare costs

Parents can deduct up to two-thirds of their childcare costs, up to a maximum of 4,000 Euro per child, as special expenses. This also applies to non-disabled children up to the age of 14. For disabled children, you can also claim childcare costs beyond this. Proof is usually provided by the disability card, the notice from the pension office, the pension notice or a medical certificate. The disability must have occurred before the age of 25.

Tip

If the family benefits office rejects your application, but you believe you are entitled to child benefit, you should lodge an appeal within the legally prescribed period. The decision of the family benefits office will then be reviewed again.

(2021): What tax allowances or considerations apply for children with disabilities?



When will I receive child benefit and allowances for my child?

To receive child benefit, the child allowance or the allowance for childcare, education or training needs (BEA), the same conditions as for child benefit must be met. There are two different legal bases for entitlement to child benefit:

  • Taxpayers are entitled to child benefit under the Income Tax Act (§ 31 f. and § 62 ff. EStG).
  • Persons who are not or only partially subject to tax are entitled under the Federal Child Benefit Act.

Anyone who is German and has their residence or usual place of abode in Germany can apply for child benefit. The same applies to Germans living abroad who are either fully liable to income tax in Germany or are treated as such. Foreigners living in Germany can apply for child benefit if they have a permanent residence permit.

Important: Child benefit that has been approved is paid retroactively only for the last six months before the beginning of the month in which the application for child benefit was received. Therefore, even if child benefit is approved retroactively for a whole year, it is actually only paid for the last six months.

(2021): When will I receive child benefit and allowances for my child?



Do I receive the same amount of child benefit for all children?

If you have more than one child, you do not receive the same amount of child benefit for each child. The entitlement to child benefit is as follows:

Child benefit is paid for children up to the age of 18. The child's income is irrelevant.

The entitlement continues for children over 18 until their 25th birthday, as long as they are in education or doing voluntary service. Child benefit is paid by the family offices of the Federal Employment Agency. Public sector employees or pension recipients receive the money from their employers.

Tipp

A child for whom you do not receive child benefit yourself can be counted as a so-called Zählkind to increase the child benefit entitlement for your other children. For example: A couple has three children together, and the husband also has a child from a previous relationship. The child lives with their biological mother, who also receives child benefit.

If the second wife now names her husband as the beneficiary, his first child can be counted as a Zählkind. The couple will not receive child benefit for this child, but the other children will be counted as the second, third, and fourth child. Over the year, the family receives 372 Euro more in child benefit.

Note: The Federal Fiscal Court has ruled on so-called Zählkinder in the context of non-marital partnerships as follows: If the parents of a joint child live together in a non-marital partnership and two older children from another relationship of one parent are also living in their household, the other parent does not receive the increased child benefit amount for a third child according to § 66 (1) EStG for the joint child (BFH ruling of 25.4.2018, III R 24/17).

 

(2021): Do I receive the same amount of child benefit for all children?



Who is entitled to child benefit and tax allowances?

Das Kindergeld ist einkommensunabhängig und wird gezahlt, wenn ein Anspruch darauf besteht. Eine Voraussetzung ist das Alter des Kindes, die andere das so genannte Kindschaftsverhältnis.

Ein Kindschaftsverhältnis ist grundsätzlich bei Kindern gegeben, die ersten Grades mit Ihnen verwandt sind. Das sind zunächst Ihre leiblichen Kinder, egal ob ehelich oder unehelich. Aber auch adoptierte Kinder sind im ersten Grad mit Ihnen verwandt. Auch bei einem Pflegekind besteht ein Kindschaftsverhältnis, wenn es bei Ihnen im Haushalt lebt und Sie zu ihm ein dauerhaftes Aufsichts-, Betreuungs- und Erziehungsverhältnis haben. Das Obhuts- und Pflegeverhältnis zu den leiblichen Eltern darf nicht mehr bestehen. Gelegentliche Besuche der leiblichen Eltern sind unschädlich.

Kindergeld wird auch gezahlt, wenn Sie in Ihrem Haushalt ein Stief- oder Enkelkind aufgenommen haben. In diesen Fällen liegt allerdings kein Kindschaftsverhältnis im Sinne des Steuerrechts vor. Deswegen steht Stief- oder Großeltern ein Kinderfreibetrag auch nicht automatisch zu, sondern nur dann, wenn die leiblichen Eltern die Freibeträge für Kinder auf die neuen Bezugspersonen übertragen.

Diese können dann auch von den sonstigen steuerlichen Vergünstigungen, etwa dem Ausbildungsfreibetrag, profitieren. Das kann sinnvoll sein, wenn die leiblichen Eltern selbst kaum Steuern zahlen, etwa weil sie noch studieren.

Bis zum 18. Geburtstag des Kindes muss für den Anspruch auf Kindergeld und Freibeträge keine weitere Voraussetzung erfüllt sein als die des bestehenden Kindschaftsverhältnisses. Ab dem 18. Geburtstag gibt es Kindergeld nur noch für Kinder, die in Ausbildung sind oder einen Freiwilligendienst leisten.

(2021): Who is entitled to child benefit and tax allowances?



What is the child allowance?

Kindergeld und Kinderfreibetrag sind eine Steuerentlastung für die Ausgaben, die den Eltern durch die Kinder entstehen. Der Anspruch auf Kindergeld besteht von Geburt an automatisch, muss aber schriftlich beantragt werden. Es sind nicht - wie oftmals angenommen - die Kinder, die Anspruch auf das Kindergeld haben, sondern die Eltern bzw. Erziehungsberechtigten, die für das Wohl des Kindes verantwortlich sind.

Kindergeld
Das Kindergeld ist ein monatlich ausgezahlter Betrag, den Eltern meist von der Familienkasse überwiesen bekommen. Das Kindergeld muss nicht versteuert werden. Die Höhe des Kindergeldes richtet sich nach der Anzahl der Kinder.

Kinderfreibetrag
Der Kinderfreibetrag wird im Gegensatz zum Kindergeld nicht ausgezahlt. Der Freibetrag wird vom zu versteuernden Einkommen abgezogen. Dadurch wirkt er sich steuermindernd bei der Berechnung der Einkommensteuer aus. Das monatlich bereits ausgezahlte Kindergeld stellt eine Vorauszahlung auf den Kinderfreibetrag dar. Im Jahre 2021 beträgt der Kinderfreibetrag 5.460 Euro für zusammen veranlagte Eltern, ansonsten 2.730 Euro je Elternteil. Der BEA-Freibetrag (für Betreuungs-, Erziehungs- und Ausbildungsbedarf) beträgt 2.928 Euro.

Kindergeld und Kinderfreibetrag sind miteinander gekoppelt. Ob das Kindergeld oder der Kinderfreibetrag am Ende eines Steuerjahres für den Steuerpflichtigen günstiger ist, ermittelt das Finanzamt automatisch durch eine Günstigerprüfung.

Anspruch auf Kinderfreibetrag bzw. Kindergeld
Anspruch auf den Kinderfreibetrag haben die Erziehungsberechtigten von der Geburt des Kindes bis zum

  • 18. Lebensjahr.
  • 25. Lebensjahr, wenn sich das Kind noch in Ausbildung oder Studium befindet oder einen Freiwilligendienst leistet.

Wenn das Kind behindert ist und außerstande, sich selbst zu unterhalten, besteht der Anspruch auf Kindergeld oder Kinderfreibetrag zeitlich unbegrenzt.

(2021): What is the child allowance?



What impact does my child's stay abroad have on the child allowance?

Der Kinderfreibetrag und auch der BEA-Freibetrag (Freibetrag für den Betreuungs-, Erziehungs- oder Ausbildungsbedarf) sind beide unabhängig vom Wohnsitz Ihres Kindes. Jedoch müssen Sie als Elternteil in Deutschland uneingeschränkt einkommensteuerpflichtig sein.

Der Wohnsitz des Kindes ist aber für die Höhe des Kinderfreibetrages maßgeblich, denn je nach Land verringert sich der Freibetrag um ein, zwei oder drei Viertel. Um die Lebenshaltungskosten vor Ort einzustufen, gibt das Bundesfinanzministerium eine Ländergruppeneinteilung heraus.

Die Ländergruppeneinteilung ist immer dann relevant, wenn sich die Kinder im Ausland aufhalten und hat Auswirkungen auf 

  • den Kinderfreibetrag,
  • den BEA-Freibetrags (für Betreuung, Erziehung und Ausbildung),
  • die Höhe des Ausbildungsfreibetrags,
  • die Berechnung der Kinderbetreuungskosten.

Kurzfristige Auslandsaufenthalte, wie Urlaubsreisen, führen nicht zu einer Kürzung. Das gilt auch bei vorübergehenden Aufenthalten wie beispielsweise bei einer Berufsausbildung.

(2021): What impact does my child's stay abroad have on the child allowance?



Which costs cannot be deducted as school fees?

Not all costs can be claimed for tax purposes. For example, if your child attends a boarding school, the expenses for accommodation, care and meals for your child must be deducted. School clothing and travel to school are also not tax-deductible as school fees.

The same applies to learning materials, as well as school books or computers that you purchase yourself. Costs for additional courses or school trips cannot be included in the tax return either.

Finally, costs for individual private tuition, music schools, sports clubs, holiday courses and tutoring are not deductible.

(2021): Which costs cannot be deducted as school fees?


Field help

Do you have children?

Select Yes if you have underage children.

In order for an adult child to be included in your household, a child does not necessarily have to live permanently in your household. It is rather important that there is a family home that is used by the child and that you take responsibility for the welfare of the child. There must also be a family bond between you and the child.

This means that a disabled child living in a nursing home is also part of your household if you bring this child home from time to time. This also applies to children attending educational institutions (studies, professional training, etc.) or children who perform federal volunteer service, live abroad and regularly return to their parents' home. The child must stay in your home for at least six weeks a year.

Tip: If you are not entitled to child benefit or child tax allowances for an adult child, you can claim your maintenance payments for the child as exceptional costs (2021: 812 Euro per month) in the relevant months.

Administrative office

Select the administrative office that is responsible for you.

Your family benefits office is not included in the list?
Then answer the question "Do you want to enter the family benefits office (Familienkasse) directly?" with "yes"." You will see a blank entry field in which you can enter the family benefits office responsible for you.

Note: It is mandatory to indicate the relevant family benefits office (Familienkasse) from the 2013 tax year onwards. It is not possible to submit the tax return via ELSTER without specifying the family benefits office.

Have you incurred private school expenses for the child?

Select "yes" if you had expenses for a private school in the assessment year 2021.

School fees for private vocational schools can also be taken into account. It does not matter whether the school is located in Germany or in another EU/EEA country. Schools and institutions that lead to a recognised general educational or vocational school qualification, annual qualification or professional qualification are eligible for tax deductions.

The deduction of school fees is carried out through the special expenses deduction and is available for children for whom there was an entitlement to child allowance or child benefit in the year 2021.

When determining income tax, 30 percent of the expenses per child (max. 5.000 Euro) are taken into account as special expenses.

Relevant family benefits office

Select your relevant family benefits office (Familienkasse).

Your relevant family benefits office is not included in the list?
In the field "Enter the family benefits office (Familienkasse) directly", select "Yes". Then you can enter the data of your relevant family benefits office directly.

Note: From the 2013 tax year, it is mandatory to indicate the relevant family benefits office. It is not possible to submit a tax return via ELSTER without specifying the family benefits office.

Did the child live at your current address throughout 2021?

Answer the question with "yes" if the child lived with you in an apartment at your current main address for the whole year.

On the other hand, if your child could be reached some of the time or all of the time at a different address, please select "no". You can then enter one or more addresses in Germany or abroad.

Reasons for consideration of an adult child

Reasons to consider an adult child

School fees expenses

Click on the button to add details about school fees.

Information on health and nursing care insurance contributions

Click on the button to add details about health and nursing care insurance.

Information on the disability and survivor's allowance

Click on the button to add information about a disability and/or bereavement pension.

Would you like to provide information on disability and/or bereavement pension?

Select "yes" if you want to claim the disability allowance or the bereavement allowance for your child.

Disability allowance

If a disability has been confirmed, your child is entitled to a disability allowance from a degree of disability of 20%.

You can also apply for the disability allowance if you do not have a severely disabled person's card, but you have received a notice from the pension office or the care insurance fund about care level 4 or 5.

Survivor's allowance

Your child is entitled to a survivor's allowance if he or she has been granted regular survivor's benefits. As a rule, survivors' benefits are paid under the Federal War Victims Relief Act, the Civil Service Act or the statutory accident insurance scheme.

As proof, you must submit the following documents to the tax office, if they have not already been submitted in previous years:

  • Pension approval notice or
  • Statement from the insurance provider
Do you want to enter the health and care insurance contributions for the child?

Select "yes" if you have paid contributions to health and nursing care insurance for your child in the assessment year 2021.

If, as part of your maintenance obligation, you have taken over contributions for your child to health and nursing care insurance which your child (for whom you are entitled to child benefit or child allowances) or the other parent owes as the policyholder, these contributions can be deducted from your pension expenses. However, this applies only to contributions that serve as basic insurance.

If you claim the amounts, a deduction of the amounts as pension expenses for your child is not possible. If you are not assessed for income tax with the other parent of your child, please enter on the following pages only the contributions that you have paid yourself.

Do you want to enter information about the family benefits office (Familienkasse) directly?

If your family benefits office (Familienkasse) is not included in the selection field, please select "yes". Then you can directly enter the data for the family benefits office which is responsible for you.

In principle, it can be said that the place of residence of the parents is always used for the allocation of the responsible family benefits office. The address of your family benefits office can be found on your family benefits office notice ("Kindergeld-Bescheid").

If the Federal Employment Agency (Bundesagentur für Arbeit ) is responsible for you, you can find out the address of the family benefits office on the website www.familienkasse.de.

In addition to the special services of the Federal Employment Agency, however, other family benefits offices have been set up in the public sector of corporations, institutions and foundations under public law. If you work for a public sector employer, it is best to contact your employer if you do not know who is paying you child benefits.

The "Act on the Termination of the Special Responsibility of the family office (Familienkasse) of the civil service in the Federal Government" of 8 December 2016 introduces a fundamental structural reform of responsibilities: Instead of the 8.000 different child benefits offices currently in charge, either the Federal Employment Agency or the Federal Administration Office (Bundesverwaltungsamt) will be responsible for child benefit in future. The special responsibility of the family benefits offices of the Federal Government civil service will end at the end of 2021.

Important: It is mandatory to indicate the responsible family benefits office from the tax year 2021 onwards. It is not possible to file a tax return online without stating the family benefits office.

Relevant family benefits office

Enter the name and address of the relevant family benefits office (Familienkasse).

In principle, it can be said that the place of residence of the parents is always used for the allocation of the responsible family benefits office. The address of your family benefits office can be found on your family benefits office notice ("Kindergeld-Bescheid").

If the Federal Employment Agency (Bundesagentur für Arbeit) is responsible for you, you can find out the address of the family benefits office on the website http://www.familienkasse.de.

In addition to the special services of the Federal Employment Agency, however, other family benefits offices have been set up in the public sector of corporations, institutions and foundations under public law. If you work for a public sector employer, it is best to contact your employer if you do not know who is paying you child benefits.

The "Act on the Termination of the Special Responsibility of the family office (Familienkasse) of the civil service in the Federal Government" of 8 December 2016 introduces a fundamental structural reform of responsibilities: Instead of the 8.000 different child benefits offices currently in charge, either the Federal Employment Agency or the Federal Administration Office (Bundesverwaltungsamt) will be responsible for child benefit in future. The special responsibility of the family benefits offices of the Federal Government civil service will end at the end of 2021.

Important: It is mandatory to indicate the responsible family benefits office from the tax year 2013 onwards. It is not possible to file a tax return online without stating the family benefits office.

Identification number

Enter here the 11-digit tax identification number that you received in writing from the Federal Central Tax Office.

Since 2009, the tax identification number for children must also be entered in the tax return. This information is required for data comparison with the child benefit funds and in the case of transfers.

For newborns, the Federal Central Tax Office (Bundeszentralamt für Steuern) will inform you of the tax identification number as soon as it receives the necessary data from the residents' registration office.

Note: You also have the option of requesting your tax ID again from the Federal Central Tax Office. The tax ID will then be sent to you by letter.

Did the child belong to your household in 2021?

Please specify whether the child belonged to your household in the previous year.

Important: The child also belongs to your household if he/she was temporarily accommodated elsewhere or if you lived elsewhere together with the child, for example, with parents or parents-in-law. In addition, a child may also belong to several households, for example, if the parents live separately and the child lives alternately with both mother and father.

If the child belonged to your household in the past year, you may, under certain circumstances, be able to claim the childcare costs in your tax return or, if applicable, also be able to make use of the tax relief allowance for single parents.

If the child did not belong to your household, the childcare costs will not usually be recognised by the tax authorities.

Different last name (if applicable)

Enter the last name of the child, if different from the last name of the taxpayer.

If you do not enter the last name here, Lohnsteuer kompakt will assume that the taxpayer and the child have the same last name.

Date of birth

Enter the child's date of birth. If the child was born during the year 2021, you are entitled to receive child benefit or the child tax allowance from the birth month onwards.

Children are taken into account in the tax return until they reach the age of 25.

Important: This information is necessary to correctly determine your entitlement to child benefit and child allowance by Lohnsteuer kompakt.

Enter several different residences

Indicate here whether your child has resided in Germany, abroad or partly in Germany and abroad during the year 2021.

You only have to declare a stay abroad if your child had neither a residence nor a habitual abode in Germany during this time.

In the case of children who reside abroad solely for the purpose of vocational training but who continue to belong to their parents' household or have their own household in Germany, only the German address must be entered.

Important: This information is necessary for a correct calculation of the child benefit entitlement and the child allowance by Lohnsteuer kompakt.

Address in Germany

Enter the child's address in Germany.

Address abroad

Please enter the child's address abroad.

Country

Select the country in which your child has lived.


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