(2022) First degree: correctly deduct accommodation costs?

Expenses for a first degree after completing vocational training are deductible as - previously incurred - work-related expenses without limit. In contrast, the costs of a first degree after leaving school are only deductible as special expenses up to 6.000 Euro.

Since children in higher education are often not financially well-off, parents cover various expenses for their education. Landlords often prefer to sign the rental contract for student accommodation with the parents of the student. The question is whether the child can claim the rent and the estate agent's fee as their work-related expenses or special expenses for their first degree, even though these were paid by the parents. Recently, the Lower Saxony Finance Court dealt with the case.

The rental contract for the student accommodation was in the father's name. The father covered the full cost of the accommodation. According to the judges, a distinction must be made between the estate agent's fee and the ongoing rental payments. While the estate agent's fee is recognised as the child's work-related expense, the rental payments are rejected as work-related expenses (FG Niedersachsen, 25.2.2016, 1 K 169/15).

• The estate agent's fee is a service provided by the parents through an "abbreviated contract route". The parents purchase items in their own name for the child, place orders, conclude contracts, and make the required payments themselves. Since the father rented the flat for the first degree, the payment of the estate agent's fee is made in the interest of the child and their studies. The child may claim the parents' payment as their work-related expense.

• The situation is different for ongoing rental payments. Although these are also made through the "abbreviated contract route", there is an exception here. The deduction of work-related expenses is not permitted if the payments are made as part of long-term debt relationships. In these cases, the third party always pays on their own account and only grants the beneficiary a right of use. A rental agreement is such a long-term debt relationship. In this case, the tax authorities refuse to recognise third-party expenses for tax purposes (BMF letter of 7.7.2008, BStBl. 2008 I p. 717). Rental payments for the son are therefore not deductible if the father signed the rental contract and pays the rent.