What are representation costs (partially deductible business expenses)?

Representation costs that serve the company can be deducted as business expenses. These include in particular:

1. Marketing and Advertising

• Advertisements in newspapers, magazines, or online platforms.
• Posters and advertising banners in public spaces.
• Production of commercials (TV, radio, online).
• Sponsorship of events with a direct advertising purpose.

2. Trade Fairs and Events

• Stand rental, decoration, and equipment at trade fairs.
• Participation fees for industry events and conferences.
• Catering and hospitality for trade fair visitors.

3. Public Appearances

• Costs for press conferences and company presentations.
• Fees for speakers or moderators at company events.

4. Customer and Business Partner Care

• Gifts up to 50 Euro net per person per year.
• Invitations to business occasions (e.g. anniversaries, product launches).

5. Other Representation Costs

• Creation and distribution of promotional gifts (e.g. pens, notepads with company logo).
• Costs for image films or company brochures.

Important Restrictions

Costs that relate to both business and private life are not tax-deductible according to § 4 Abs. 5 Nr. 7 EStG. These include expenses for:

• Housing and food,
• Clothing,
• general schooling or childcare,
• personal needs (e.g. health, care, hygiene),
• newspapers and broadcasting fees,
• cultural or sporting events.

This regulation is intended to exclude private expenses from being claimed for tax purposes in the business sector.

Practical Tip

To ensure the deductibility of representation costs, a clear business connection should always be documented. In addition, the appropriateness of the expenses should be observed to avoid conflicts with the tax office. A luxury car or excessively lavish office furnishings could, for example, be considered inappropriate.