Which income is considered capital income?
With the introduction of the withholding tax, it is generally no longer necessary to submit the KAP form. However, in some cases you must still complete the KAP form:
- capital gains are not subject to tax deduction (e.g. sale of GmbH shares of less than 1 percent)
- income from foreign accumulating investment funds
- income (interest, dividends, etc.) from foreign accounts or deposits
- interest from loan agreements between private individuals
- interest on tax refunds
- surrender of endowment insurance policies (for contracts concluded from 2005)
Note: For certain income, you must also complete the KAP-INV form (for income from investment income not subject to domestic tax deduction) or KAP-BET form (for income from capital assets in the case of shareholdings, if the income and the tax to be credited have been determined uniformly and separately).
Furthermore, the KAP form must be completed in the case of an optional assessment if:
- a loss carryforward from previous years is to be taken into account or a loss offset of income from capital assets is to be made, or
- the saver’s allowance has not been fully utilised, or
- church tax has not been deducted despite church tax liability, or
- foreign taxes are still to be taken into account, or
- to check the amount of the capital gains tax deduction.
If you wish to apply for a so-called favourable tax rate check, you must also complete the KAP form. This may allow you to benefit from a lower tax rate with your individual tax rate if it is lower than the withholding tax rate of 25 percent.
Losses from worthless shares in the case of pure account write-offs may be offset against income from capital assets, but there is a limit on the amount. Losses can only be offset against income from capital assets up to a maximum of 20,000 Euro. Unused losses are then carried forward to subsequent years. Important: In the case of worthless shares, the bank does not carry out a loss offset. It does not include losses in the loss pot. Losses from worthless shares must therefore be included in the tax return.
Which income is considered capital income?
Can I claim income-related expenses from capital assets?
With the deduction of withholding tax, the tax liability for capital gains is generally settled. This means that expenses related to earning income can no longer be considered as deductible expenses upon proof. They are covered by the saver’s allowance of 1.000 Euro for single persons and 2.000 Euro for married couples.
Actual expenses cannot be deducted even in the favourable tax rate test. If your personal tax rate is below 25%, you can apply for your capital gains to be taxed at your individual tax rate in the tax return under "Anlage KAP" and thus correct the deduction of withholding tax of 25% in your favour (so-called favourable tax rate test). However, even with this "optional assessment at the individual tax rate", it is not possible to claim expenses upon proof (BFH ruling of 28.1.2015, VIII R 13/13).
However, there is an exception for the "mandatory assessment at the individual tax rate": In some cases, income tax on capital gains is not settled with the capital gains tax deduction. Instead, the capital gains must be declared in the tax return and taxed at the individual tax rate. The withheld capital gains tax is then credited against the tax liability. In this case, the normal tax rules for deducting expenses apply. This means that expenses can be deducted in the proven amount, e.g. interest on debt. No saver’s allowance is granted for these earnings (§ 32d para. 2 EStG).
A mandatory assessment at the individual tax rate may apply for
- Capital gains that belong to other types of income, e.g. rental income or business income,
- Capital gains from the sale of shares in a company with a stake of more than 1%,
- Capital gains from investments in companies as business assets,
- Interest from so-called back-to-back financing,
- Interest from a company or cooperative to its shareholders,
- Interest from private loans between related persons (e.g. spouses) if the borrower uses the loan to generate income and deducts the interest as business expenses or income-related expenses. In this case, the interest income for the lender is not subject to the withholding tax rate of 25% but is taxed like other income at the personal tax rate (§ 32d para. 2 no. 1a EStG).
Can I claim income-related expenses from capital assets?
